Supporting data for "Decoding The Chemical Language from The Untapped Domain of Archaea"

Microorganisms are prolific producers of various secondary metabolites (SMs), encompassing signaling molecules and antimicrobials that play pivotal roles in mediating microbe-microbe interactions. Archaea, the third domain of life, constitute a vast and diverse group of microorganisms thriving in extreme environments and abundantly dispersed throughout nature. Despite their prevalence, our comprehension of the chemical languages within archaeal communities remains extremely limited compared to their extensively studied bacterial counterparts, particularly concerning the structural diversity and ecological functionals of SMs.

A comprehensive genome mining effort unveils the largely unexplored biosynthetic potential of archaeal RiPPs, revealing a treasure trove of high novelty compounds. A detailed exploration of one of the largest RiPP families, lanthipeptides, unravels the co-evolution of enzymes and precursors with distinct amino acid biases to bacterial counterparts, potentially for environmental adaptation purposes. Furthermore, the validation of classic and noncanonical lanthipeptides through a novel approach combining the first utilization of heterologous expression in Archaea with rule-based metabolomic analysis showcases their unique chemical characteristics and biosynthetic pathways. Moreover, they exhibit a novel ecological role of RiPPs in enhancing the host's motility by inducing the rod-shaped cell morphology and upregulating the archaellum gene transcription, facilitating the archaeal interaction with abiotic environments and improving nutrient/space competition. This dataset contains the LC-MS and NMR data to support the chemical structure of confirmed lanthipeptides in my thesis.