Supporting data for Integrative Design and Optimization of Green Infrastructure for Urban Runoff Control, Ecohydrological Connectivity, and Vegetation Resilience

<p dir="ltr">Green infrastructures are increasingly deployed to manage stormwater runoff and mitigate ecological degradation in highly impervious urban environments. However, vegetation within these systems is often subjected to complex and fluctuating environmental stressors—including soil moisture extremes, elevated temperatures, limited light penetration, and high vapor pressure deficits—especially in ultra-urban settings such as open-air parking lots. These stressors can impair plant physiological performance, reduce evapotranspiration, and ultimately compromise the hydrological functionality of green infrastructure systems.</p><p><br></p><p dir="ltr">Despite the recognized importance of vegetation health to the ecohydrological performance of rain gardens, few studies have quantitatively assessed how short-term environmental variability influences plant physiological responses at fine temporal resolution. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the influence of key environmental drivers—such as soil moisture, temperature, and light availability—on plant health indicators by integrating high-frequency environmental monitoring with in-situ physiological measurements.</p><p><br></p><p dir="ltr">Field works were conducted to install data loggers and portal equiments for monitoring the temporal variation of hydrological, environmental, and ecological indicators of the rain garden as following:</p><p dir="ltr">Hydrological data: surface inflow, subsurface water levels, evapotranspiration, overflow.</p><p dir="ltr">Environmental data:</p><ul><li>Temperature and humidity: soil moisture, air temperature, high temperature, low temperature, relative humidity, ambient humidity, ambient temperature.</li><li>Heat index: dew point, temperature-humidity-wind index (THW index), temperature-humidity-sun-wind index (THSW index), heating degree days (Heat D-D), cooling degree days (Cool D-D).</li><li>Solar radiation: solar radiation, high Solar radiation, solar energy, UV index, UV dose, high UV, average above & below light intensity (PAR).</li><li>Precipitation: precipitation.</li></ul><p dir="ltr">Ecological data: leaf area index (LAI), leaf temp differential, linear Electron Flow (LEF), non-photochemical quenching (NPQt), light energy captured by photosystem II (Phi2, PhiNO, and PhiNPQ), relative chlorophyll.</p>