This is the dataset for Yu Liang's doctoral thesis. It includes experimental data from three projects described in the thesis. The FILE A is biomarkers from the Qaidam Basin, including long-chain saturated ketone content and type, β-carotane/<i>n</i>-C<sub>36</sub>, β-carotane content, Gammacerane Index, gammacerane content, terrigenous/aquatic ratio (TAR), <i>n</i>-alkane content, and carbon preference index (CPI) from the Qaidam Basin. The FILE B is carbonate δ<sup>13</sup>C from the Qaidam Basin. The FILE C is biomarkers from the Lunpola Basin, including CPI, average chain length (ACL), and proportion of aquatic plants (Paq) from the Lunpola Basin.<div> </div>