Supporting data for “Multiomics approach to identify key functional regulatory genes in human endometrium and trophoblast”

The human endometrium is a dynamically renewing tissue that undergoes cyclic regeneration, which is tightly regulated by ovarian hormones and complex gene networks. Disruptions in this process can lead to serious health conditions such as infertility, endometriosis, endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer. Despite the fundamental importance of these processes, the identification of key functional regulatory cells and genes implicated remains elusive and largely unexplored.

This part of this thesis aimed to identify potential stem/progenitor stem-cell markers within the endometrium by the organoid system. In contrast to the conventional two-dimensional culture model, organoids can more comprehensively recapitulate the morphological and functional characteristics of the originating tissue. Single-cell analysis identified ICAM1 as a potential stem cell marker in the endometrial organoid. Combined with a known stem cell marker FUT4, FUT4+ ICAM1+ cells and their corresponding stem cluster were identified in both in vivo and in vitro data as potential stem/progenitor stem-cell of the endometrial epithelia. These cells exhibited enhanced clonogenic ability and were involved in stem-cell related biological processes and pathways. Moreover, these cells demonstrated adaptability by altering their gene expression levels in response to environmental changes, such as hormonal treatments and glandular development.