Our study demonstrates that intermittent fasting effectively alleviates neuropathic pain by modulating peripheral and central immune responses, restoring homeostatic microglial phenotypes, and enhancing IGF1 signaling in the spinal cord. However, the diminished efficacy of long-term fasting highlights critical limitations, likely stemming from altered IGF1 distribution and the loss of pain-resolving microglial subtypes. These insights provide a foundation for refining fasting-based interventions for neuropathic pain and exploring targeted strategies to sustain their benefits over time. The dataset contains Chapter 3 for PNS. and Chapter 4 for CNS study for NP and IF.