The dataset included are categorized according to the structure of this study regarding the expression of a gene named Bdnf and its role in inflammatory myopathy. This dataset demonstrates the estrogenic role in skeletal muscle-specific Bdnf level regulation, the physiological function of such regulation, histological presentation of myopathy features in BDNF-deficient muscle, and analysis of several cell death-related molecular pathways in BDNF-deficient muscle. Raw data and original images are included and properly named accroding to the independent variable(s) being investigated in the corresponding sections.